ABSTRACT
Small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma [SCNEC] of the tongue is very rare. We here present a SCNEC impatient with distant metastasis. A 74-year-old Chinese male went to hospital to treat a tongue tumor, which was founded at a conventional physical examination in weifang stomatology hospital. The check of positron emission tomography-computer tomography [PET-CT] by Weifang people's hospital revealed a tumor in the right root of tongue, and distant metastasis in the right submandibular area, neck, mediastinum, right hilar, abdominal, retroperitoneal multiple lymph nodes, left thyroid, right lower lung, right scapula and bilateral adrenal. The patient was diagnosed tongue SCNEC by the pathological analysis of the tissue section. Conforming to the diagnosis of tongue SCNEC, the patient received adjuvant chemotherapy for 6 cycles with etoposide and carboplatin, and is alive now 9 months after the diagnosis
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Aged , Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine , Tongue Neoplasms , Neoplasm Metastasis , Etoposide , Carboplatin , Chemotherapy, AdjuvantABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effects of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) on the growth of rat osteoblasts. To find out the mechanisms that TNF-alpha regulates the growth of osteoblasts.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>To assay osteoblasts proliferation by MTT. To assay alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity of osteoblasts by PP-nitrophenyl phosphate (PNPP).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The osteblasts proliferation and the ALP activity decreased in treatment groups, and the significantly lower levels were observed in above 50 ng/mL groups (P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>TNF-alpha restrained osteoblasts proliferation and differentiation, and the effects were more significant in above 50 ng/mL groups.</p>